Frankenstein and Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and Lord of the Flies Essay Frankenstein and Lord of the Flies were written in different centuries. Analyse the similarities and discuss the differences which you have found in these texts. You should pay particular attention to characterisation, style and theme. Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein in the 18th Century. As there was no cinema or television available books were a widely accessible form of entertainment. Particularly fantastical texts like Dracula and Vathek were popular, books like these were not meant to be thought of as a portrayal of realism, this is why Frankenstein is very unbelievable. Frankenstein is set in a time when new science posed a threat to Christian beliefs, as society started to believe that man could be created. This all seemed very possible in the early 18th Century because Benjamin Franklin had previously invented a lightning conductor and in 1802 Galvani ran a current through a frogs legs and it produced a twitch. The thought of starting life with lightning terrified people because of the dangers it appeared to pose to endanger human life. William Golding published Lord of the Flies in 1954, nine years after the end of the Second World War. So there were still conflicts going on between Russia and America, Golding used the idea of continuous war and portrayed it onto the island. The text concerns a group of public school boys getting trapped on an island after their plane crashes; they all have traditional upbringings and attitudes. Other books, which had previously been written such as Swiss Family Robinson and Coral Island, featured a similar situation but with a happier ending, these types of books were all very unrealistic and fairytale like. William Golding wrote what he thought would really happen if anyone ever faced this situation. The two tribes that develop in Lord of the Flies (Jacks and Ralphs) represent Hitler and the Nazis against the allies (America, Great Britain etc). The Italians swapped sides during the war as the Nazis became weaker; Sam and Eric reflect this as they join Jacks tribe because Ralphs is less popular. Both books have many similarities and differences between them. The main similarity is that both books are about lines of civilisation being broken revealing the darker sides of peoples characters. The boys in Lord of the Flies are immediately, physically desolate after their plane crashes. Nobody knows where they are and there are no adults. In Shelleys book, the character Frankenstein chooses to be isolated as his work is more important to him than anything around him. One similarity between the two books are the characters Piggy and the creature. These two characters are both judged by their appearance. Piggy is shorter than the fair boy and very fat. He has asthma and thick spectacles. The creature has yellow skin and straight black lips, in both cases we can immediately tell that they are physically different. Even Frankenstein, the creatures creator dreaded to behold him. They both become isolated and victimised because other people see them as being different; this creates a feeling of sympathy towards both characters throughout the books. They also both have no parents as Piggys dads dead, and [his] mum, and the creature said: No father has watched my infant days, no mother had blessed me with smiles and caresses. The creature feels sadness and rejection and believes that having parents is important, this is also implicit in the case of Piggy, but the creature has never been loved by anyone so the feeling of depression is greater. It can be argued however that, in a way the creature has been loved as Frankenstein loved him while he was creating him. When he is brought to life the love he had previously received from Frankenstein ends. The difference between these two characters is that Piggys intelligence is threatening to the other boys as he has some sensible ideas that the boys do not wish to carry out. He says: Which is better- to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill? The boys ignore him as they have already descended into tribalism at this point. Piggys intelligence is threatening because he has a very defined idea of what is right and wrong and he is a very moral person. The creatures intelligence is harmless as he only wishes to fit in. However, as the creature becomes more knowledgeable he discovered what a wretched outcast he was. He has no idea of what is right and wrong and only wants to fit in. The level of intelligence an individual has, whether it is a lot or a little can still make them isolated from others. From the start of Lord of the Flies we can tell that Piggy wants to fit in by the way he follows Ralph. Ralph disentangled himself cautiously and stole away through the branches. In a few seconds the fat boys grunts were behind him. He is last to put his hand up to vote for Ralph: Every hand outside the choir except Piggys was raised immediately. He hesitates because although he wants to vote for Ralph he does not want to be the only one who votes for him. He wants to fit in and not be the odd one out. It is implicit that Piggy was not very popular at school as They used to call [him] Piggy. This is why he follows Ralph in the way he does; he desperately tries to try and make friends as he feels depressed and sad about his previous school life. He is not very attractive; this is a reflection of how people perceive him. There are not just similarities between Piggy and the creature. Frankenstein and Ralph are also similar because although they are in different situations, they both have something they want to achieve. Ralph desperately wants to be rescued from the island. He constantly tries to keep the fire going as The fire is the main thing, because it is a signal to people to show that they are stranded. Frankensteins aim is to take science a step further by creating new life without using nature. They are both headstrong and both have will power to achieve what they want to. Unlike Frankenstein, Ralph sees reality as he acknowledges that if they do not try to get rescued they will die on the island. without the smoke signal well die here! Ralph is far more considerate than Frankenstein. Frankenstein does not consider the consequences of his actions and as a result of this he creates a disaster. He does not see reality as he becomes so determined to be the first person to create life. While Frankenstein is preoccupied with creating life, Ralph believes that preserving life is more important. Frankenstein can also be compared to Simon from Lord of the Flies. They are both symbolic of Christ. Simon passed food down to outstretched hands and Frankenstein stated that; food that I had killed, which after taking a small part, I always presented to those who had provided me. They are both kind and considerate and the way they give to others is much like the same way that Jesus did. Although Frankenstein has been isolated and anti social for a few years he is still amiable. Simon is surrounded by a lot of biblical images all through the book. The way that Simon appreciates the island and nature seems quite strange to the other boys. He is described as cracked and batty. In the same way Frankenstein gets remarks because he enjoys the structure of the human frame. and philosophy. Both Simon and Frankenstein are intransigent as they ignore any comments tackling their views. Frankenstein believes that: A new species would bless me as its creator would owe their being to me. He wants to be worshipped and idolised for creating life like God. Simon wants to appreciate his surroundings, which God as created. Frankenstein states that; No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs. He becomes arrogant and his ego begins to swell. He wants to totally change the way in which humans are brought to life and he becomes insatiably infatuated with this. Simon willingly accepts the beauty of nature and he sees things differently to other people, like the beast only being a fallen pilot (this shows more clarity of thought than the other boys). Unlike Frankenstein, Simons character is very vague, he is simply known as the boy who fainted towards the beginning of the book. He is also described as a vivid little boy. No one really understands him as he has more maturity to understand things than the other boys, but he does not have the vocabulary to express his views and feelings. Frankensteins character is not constant through the book. At first he is very unorthodox, as he does not consider the views or beliefs of anyone around him. Towards the end of the book he becomes remorseful as he realises that he has created a demoniacal corpse. When Simon died the clouds opened and let down the rain like a waterfall. This is pathetic fallacy as it reflects what is happening in the story. Simon is seen as God- like, and the storm and heavy rain is like Gods anger against the savage boys sin. It is as if they killed the good on the island and it cannot be justified or tolerated. After he is killed the language used is very calming; there was a trickle of water and no noise. This is ethereal, as if Simons body is being taken by angels up to heaven. The way Simons dead body moved out towards the open sea is very heavenly. When Simon sees the Lord of the Flies for the first time, Golding says: Even if he shut his eyes, the sows head still remained like an after- imageThey assured Simon that everything was a bad business. It is as if Simon is getting a vision from God; the sows head demonstrated how the hunting has got out of control. God is warning him that what is happening on the island cannot be accepted. After this has happened it is ironic that Simon is killed for being mistaken for the beast. The message given to him was right; the hunting on the island had become a bad business. The difference between the two books is that Frankenstein is a man of science and Simon is a man of spirit. In Frankenstein it is science against religion, where as in Lord of the Flies the human need to survive is put against society. Another character from Lord of the Flies who can be compared to Frankenstein is Jack. It is clear from the start that Jack will potentially be a threat from his appearance. He has red hair which signifies a fiery temper, and red is also used for warning signs, which indicate danger. Both Jack and Frankenstein become obsessive about certain things. Frankenstein becomes obsessed with creating the creature and Jack lets hunting become his obsession. Jack begins to bring up hunting in most conversations, he said: All the same- in the forest. I mean when youre hunting. He is the first to suggest that the choir form a group called the hunters and he is always the first to lead them out into the forest to go on a hunt he insists to the other boys that meat is important. Jack becomes excited by droppings that steamed he bends down to them as though he loved them. This is clearly not natural behaviour and these are definite signs that his obsession with hunting has gone too far. Frankenstein gets so engrossed with his work that he forgets about his family. He, like Jack, becomes disturbingly infatuated with his project as he does many inhumane things: [He]collected bones from charnel- houses and disturbed, with profane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame. The word profane is important because it illustrates the way he shows disrespect for religion. In Lord of the Flies the other religion could be classed as Ralphs tribe. Jack does not consider the welfare of these boys and he becomes so obsessed with hunting that he forgets both his morals and the fact that the boys need to be rescued. While Jack is hunting The madness came into his eyes again. He has the urge to kill and his obsession has got so far out of control he is losing his sanity. However, these two characters are also very different because Jack has a cruel personality; he picks on the weaker boys. Piggy is usually his victim; he singles him out for the way he looks, he says, shut up fatty and you fat slug. He smacked Piggys head and he is also very sarcastic towards him: We mustnt let anything happen to Piggy, must we? His character is also very fierce; this becomes apparent from the language used. The way he slashed, slammed and snatched shows he is destructive. He acts like this so that the other boys become afraid of him and do not challenge his views; he feels powerful and dominant. He gains respect from the other boys by behaving like this: Jack looked round for understanding and found only respect. He regains the power which he lost from not being voted chief by behaving in this way, and he also feels he has control over the other boys. The boys do not always agree with him, they just followed him obediently because they are afraid of him. Jack is also like the creature because they both show their darker sides after being isolated. Jack believes he has the qualities to be leader because he can sing C sharp. When Ralph is voted leader, Jack immediately becomes isolated, and tension occurs between them as he constantly challenges Ralph to be leader. The creature becomes isolated because he is not socially accepted, as he looks different. His treacherous side shows as his level of intelligence increases. He begins to feel rage and revenge towards Frankenstein, in the same way Jack feels for Ralph. The creature says that: I declared ever-lasting war against the species, and more than all, against him who had formed me. The language used here is very strong; he shows feelings of hate towards Frankenstein because he enrolled him into a world of misery. Jack and the creature both develop feelings of hatred towards the ones who have ostracised them. Some of the words used to describe Jack and Frankenstein are animalistic. When Jack is hunting it is like he almost becomes an animal, he sniffs the air and comes trotting back. When Frankenstein gets angry he gnashed [his] teeth and ground them together. They do mot appear human as they are stripped of human characteristics such as conscience and morality. This suggests that they have evil natures. These evil natures can also be shown by the inhumane killings that occur in both books. Lord of the Flies and Frankenstein both feature violence, death and murder. In Frankenstein the creature becomes completely demoralized like Jack and Roger, the murders they commit are brutal, but the reader is more sympathetic for the creature because he has never been loved and however desperately he tried to find a friend he was always rejected. The boys in Lord of the Flies have been loved and brought up in a religious manner, so they have no excuse to kill. The boys deconstruction of their reality mirrors the creatures construction of reality. This can be shown when Simon is brutally torn apart, where as the monster is pieced together. Simon can also be related to the creature because he has a problem, which he cannot do anything about. Simon is epileptic and the creature is ugly and 8 foot tall. These are problems, which can stop them from being like other people. In Frankenstein the style in which the book is written is totally different than that of Lord of the Flies. There are three concentric layers, one within the other. The outer layer, which is the shortest, is Robert Waltons letters to his sister describing his voyage to the North Pole. In the next layer Frankenstein tells the story of how he created the monster and how he abandoned it in disgust. In the third layer the creature describes the struggle he has trying to fit in. There are also multiple storytellers in Frankenstein. In Lord of the Flies the book has a linear narrative as it reads from beginning to end, it is narrated entirely by the author. As Frankenstein is a gothic horror book, the murders do not come as much of a surprise to the reader, where as Lord of the Flies features innocent, young school boys committing brutal murders. So the shock value in Lord of the Flies is greater and indeed more horrific than that in Frankenstein. The books are also both written in a way so that the reader looses track of time. Many phrases are used in the text to imply that a lot of time has passed, like Two years had now nearly elapsed and Six years had elapsed. This reflects the insanity that develops in the characters. In Lord of the Flies there is a system of hierarchy, as there is only one place at the top Jack and Ralph constantly fight to be the highest so that they have power over the other boys. These boys are underneath Jack and Ralph in the hierarchy so they are not as powerful they are, this is why they follow one of them. Piggy is one of the weaker boys at the bottom; this is why he is victimised. In Frankenstein there is no system of hierarchy, everyone in the text is considered as equal. In both books there is a role reversal. In Lord of the Flies Ralph goes from being leader to an outcast who is left to survive on his own. Jacks hunting tribe eventually over powers Ralphs tribe who want to be rescued. This shows the immaturity of the boys as they forget their priorities. The role reversal in Frankenstein occurs between Frankenstein and the creature. Frankenstein has power over the creature while he is creating him, but when he disowns him; he is left to do what he likes. He becomes more powerful than Frankenstein (and indeed any human being) because of his sheer stature and his increased level of intelligence. Frankenstein is aware of the fact that he does not have any morals as he killed innocent children. The creature realises this: You are my creator, but I am your master; obey! Role reversals are used in the text to show that the goodness in a person does not always win. I have already discussed thematic issues within characterisation, but the main theme in both books is about the darkness of Mans soul. The evil side of man, which is inherent in everybody, can be brought out in different situations. The two books show this in different ways. Frankenstein involves an adult world confronted with many scientific changes. Lord of the Flies shows a world entirely populated by children who struggle to survive. However, in both books the same message is delivered; the notion of society breaks down when there is nothing to uphold it. This is explored through the themes of isolation, difference, anger, ambition and obsession. While the boys on the island are unwillingly taken out of society structure and the creature is forcefully thrust into it, the result is the same- the hidden darkness of mans soul is revealed.

Essay --

My senior project research paper: My senior project is going to be about a card game called Magic the Gathering it’s based around five color Mana, Mana is the lifeblood of playing MTG your five kinds of Mana are Plains, Mountain, Island, Forest, Swamp. MTG has been around sense early 1990’s Richard Garfield is the creator behind MTG and the publisher is Wizards of the Coast. Magic The Gathering is a card game that takes place in a fictitious multiverse. Each plane is a different universe with different characters. Richard Garfield created the game in the early 1990’s. When the publisher house Wizards of the Coast published the game and it went crazy. Richard Garfield was a huge hit. At that time he was a mathematics professor and a game designer, then later around 1994 he joined Wizards of the Coast as a full time game designer and left the academia world. In Richard Garfield’s creation Magic the Gathering card game, the history, rules and different world’s of the game are important mystical parts. Dominaria is a vast plane on which Humans, Goblins, Merfolk, Dragons, Zombies, and Elves lived in a war ravaged environment. In the beginning there was a war known as the Dragon War that carried on for years and the dragons terrorized Dominaria for many more years to come. And in the latter years of the war a women named Sivitri Scarzam united with the Lesser Elders Scarzam accompanied her offspring into the battle of Corondor. Afterwards the Primeval Dragons Rith, Treva, Dromar, Crosis, and Darigaaz, conquered the would until human wizards took there powers then killing three of them. The two remaining Elder dragons governed for a uncertain amount of time. After Numena fell due to infighting, there is a cavity in th... ...hrough the Safehavens ending the Ice age as well as the Time of the Shards. Now with Doninaria beginning to reheat thanks to the World Spell as well as its axis being restored ice is starting to melt as well as new plagues and the time known as the flood was upon them Tresserhorn, Fyndhorn, as well as many other places of great power in the last years of the ice age witherd away like a Rose in the desert, while other happenings the fall of the School of the unseen at one time was the City of Shadows and Lat-Nam, as well as Scildev was destroyed by Lim-DÃ »l how was getting his awaited vengeance. The once great Wrenna was taken control by a dark mage and started to dwindle in its former power. Even in the darkest of times ight still finds its way through as it did by way new nations rose Benalia is one of the’s which replace Sheoltun, and Yavimaya, where Fynhrn

Recruitment and Selection in Business Essay

Department of Business In conjunction with Edexcel Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Business Assessment Information Unit No & Name: Unit 13: Recruitment and Selection in Business level 3 Lecturers/Assessor Name: Date Set: w/c Sept 2013 Assignment Name: 1 of 2 Recruitment. Submission Date: As detailed on assignment Edexcel Unit Code A/502/5434 Assessment Type: Internal (Portfolio) Unit Credit Value 10 Internal Standardisation Assignment Brief Assessments Author: Assessor 1 Internal Verifier: Assessor 2 Date: Sept 2013 Internal Verifier(s): Assessment Resources Document/File Name of Document/File VLE Network Assignment Brief: Unit 13: Recruitment and Selection in Business ï   Unit Specification: See VLE or Edexcel.comQualifications ï   ï   Feedback Header Sheet: CF015 will be attached for formative and summative feedback Learning Outcomes relevant to assignment linked to:- 1 Know the processes involved in recruitment planning 2 Understand the implications of the regulatory framework for the process of recruitment and selection Level 2 Level 3 Unit 1: The Business Environment (10) * Unit 4: Business Communication (10) ** Unit 16: Human Resource Management in Business (10) Tasks Task Submission Dates Task 1 Task 2 Task 2a Task 3 Week ending 4th October 2013 Week ending 25th October 2013 Week ending 8th November 2013 Week ending 22nd November 2013 Performance Criteria Assessed in this assignment: Note that this IS / NOT a whole Unit assignment. Pass P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Merit M1 M2 M3 M4 Dist D1 D2 D3 Comments and Deadlines Note: All tasks must be completed by the deadlines set. Failure to do so may mean that the higher grades may not be obtained. Evidence may be submitted for other units stated above but put into context. Make sure you xref to grade. Scenario: This scenario relates to recruitment selection, advertising and preparing documents for different job roles. You are working for a recruitment agency and they have asked you to review and write a report about the recruitment processes of two separate organisations. You will prepare advertisement and appropriate documentation for an organisation. The first job is for an Administrator Assistant for the Finance area of a College and also for a Team Leader in a Supermarket. To confirm that the documentation is correct and accurate you will complete the documentation and submit for checking to your line manager. Your line manager has asked you to identify how similar organisations plan recruitment using internal and external sources. Using the format below you are then to produce a report identifying why the 2 organisations identified need to recruit and how they plan their recruitment. To: (Insert Teachers name) From: (Insert your name) Date: (Insert month and year) Re: Recruitment and Selection Task 1 (P1) : Identify how two organisations plan recruitment using internal and external sources. Prepare a planning sheet this will support you to write your report. Once this has been completed, you will then create the relevant report to show that you gained an understanding about the processes for recruiting staff for two separate organisations. This report should be headed up â€Å"Processes involved with recruitment planning by comparing 2 organisations, using internal and external sources.† The report should have an opening paragraph introducing your aim with NO SUB HEADINGS The main section should contain the following: Section 1: Reasons for Recruitment -The reasons for vacancies. Section 2: Internal Recruitment – The internal aspects of recruitment planning, including advertising internally, promotion and succession planning. Section 3: External Recruitment – The external aspects of recruitment planning, including advertising internally, promotion and succession planning. Section 4: Identify 2 organisations: Research and analyse about Tesco (Sainsbury’s) and Havering College. Why should they take the decision to recruit by using different processes to recruit for internal and external staff. (Refer to sections 1 to 3). Section 5: Recruitment Process Diagram and methods of application: Compare the organisations recruitment methods, which can be shown in a recruitment process diagram and the methods of application that are used. Conclusion which should contain the advantages and disadvantages of recruiting internally and externally. Recommendations of whether to recruit internally or externally. Task 1 addresses P1 identify how two organisations plan recruitment using internal and external sources complete by 4th October 2013 This report should be 3 – 4 pages in length – see Appendix 1 Task 2 (P3) Recruitment pack As part of your training you need to familiar with all documentation used for recruitment and their purpose. You must identify all the documents used in the three stages of the selection process (P3). Job description, Person specification and Application documentation which includes a letter, application form and curriculum vitae. You must know the purpose of the key documents and the purpose of the information that the completed documents will provide for the interviewers. You must present this in a suitable format to your line manager. See appendix 1. You have been asked to produce documents for the position at a College and Team Leader for a supermarket (See scenario). These will include: 1) A job description (see P3) 2) Person specification (see P3) 3) Create job advertisement, (you need to create a company name and logo). 4) Develop a CV 5) Complete application forms (paper based and online) 6) Produce a covering letter This needs to be to a good standard as it will be used during the interview process. P3 Develop and produce the recruitment pack complete by – 8th November 2013 Task 2a (P3) – By producing a report to develop Task 2 further to include the following you may be able to achieve M1 and D1. Addresses M1: compare the purposes of the different documents used in the selection and recruitment process for a given organisation. Addresses D1: Look at the documentation collected and make judgments on the usefulness of documents that you have collated in the interview pack. Consider the interview pack you have produced. You must judge how effective and useful each of the documents is that you have produced. How do they help you and the organisation manage and conduct the interview? How do they help you make a decision in the interview process? Do any of them limit your decision in the selection process? You can use SWOT analysis to help you consider the strengths and weaknesses of the process. M1 and D1 compare the purpose and evaluate the usefulness of the documents in the interview pack for a given organisation, in facilitating the interview process – complete by 8th November 2013 Task 3 (P2): Create a presentation relating to the following: (Please include speaker notes – minimum of 10 slides) The presentation must include information on the following legislation and the impact of that legislation on recruitment when conducting interviews. This must be done by providing a concise, but detailed presentation for interviewers on:- Sex Discrimination Act 1995/97 Race Relations Act 1992 Equal Pay Act 1970 Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005 European Working Time Directive Employment Act 2002 and Work and Families Act 2006 Age discrimination Act Sexual Orientation Act Data Protection Act 1998 What ethical/moral reasons should we follow when recruiting staff? Make sure you include speaker’s notes for each slide which support your presentation. You may wish to use images or charts to enhance your work. Include a bibliography of sources of useful information from your research. Task 3 (P2) legal and the impact of legislation on recruitment – complete by 22 Nov 2013 Appendix 1 Please note that all assignments for this unit are to be submitted on one of the deadline dates listed above. Please make sure all assignments are completed with your name, student number and signature. Guidance Notes: Please read P1: It may help to research about working with an agency so that you gain an understanding about working in this environment. Consider other areas in the department and the duties they would be expected to do for each area or section which could support your job role. Look at how the college and supermarket would recruit and who might apply internally and also the types of methods that can be used for external recruitment process. Guidance Notes: Please read P3: When writing the job description and person specification, if you use the internet as a source please remember to ensure that the post contains duties that would be required by the college and not just generic duties that may have been found from your internet source. Guidance Notes: Please read P2: When researching for the legislation and the impact of that legislation on recruitment, please ensure that you give clear and precise information so that everyone is aware of the legislation and please do not use technical jargon. PLEASE CHECK ALL DOCUMENTS FOR SPELLING, GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION

Essay British Imperial Policies and Colonial Resistance

A new era was dawning on the American colonies and its mother country Britain, an era of revolution. The American colonists were subjected to many cruel acts of the British Parliament in order to benefit England itself. These British policies were forcing the Americans to rebellious feelings as their rights were constantly being violated by the British Crown. The colonies wanted to have an independent government and economy so they could create their own laws and stipulations. The British imperial policies affected the colonies economic, political, and geographic situation which intensified colonists’ resistance to British rule and intensified commitment to their republican values. The imperial tactics of the British Empire were†¦show more content†¦The colonists felt that their rights as Englishmen were being. These taxes impaired the colonial economy and left the colonists with a bitter feeling towards their mother country. The acts that affected the political aspec ts of the colonies were also passed in an effort to prevent their government from expanding. The Massachusetts Government Act took away their governmental independence and replaced it with more royal control. The colonial government was preventing England from exercising its control on the colony. This infuriated most of the colonists of Massachusetts and forced them to create their own secretive government. The Quartering act commanded colonists to house British soldiers in their home during a time of peace. The Quebec Act took away some of the political freedoms of the French colonists. Despite the fact that it did not directly concern the American colonists, it still bothered them and even dismayed some loyalists. All of these acts took away the colonists republican and democratic government that was budding. They could not create a stable form of government because their minuscule forms of self-government were being executed. They felt that their rights were being violated and c oerced them even further into rebellious feelings. The colonists still never gave up on their republican values suchShow MoreRelated2. Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial Policies Between 1763 and 1776 Intensified Colonial Resistance to British Rule and Their Commitment to Republican Values.674 Words   |  3 Pages2. Analyze the ways in which British imperial policies between 1763 and 1776 intensified colonial resistance to British rule and their commitment to republican values. As generations grew up in America, nationalism within the colonies grew towards their new country. These settlers slowly lost their patriotic tie to Great Britain and it’s ruler, King George III. So when the French and Indian War ended in America, and the indebted England needed some compensation from American settlers inRead MoreThe Differences Between The British And The Colonists1142 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves as English subjects until 1763, when the administrative changes and enforcement of imperial policies brought the differences between the British and the colonists. These differences prevailed between 1763 and 1776, when the British enforced series of policies and acts/taxes that restricted the colonists on certain things under the Grenville ministry, this then led to the colonists intensified resistance through different types of protests and revolts towards other taxes, and in turn strengthenedRead MoreImpact of the First World War in Africa: The Development of the Continent1289 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean powers. The end of the First World War represented the end of some of the most important colonial empires such as the Austrian Empire or the Russian empire. Even so, for Africa, the world war was crucial for determining a new sense of nationalism that would later give rise to anti-colonial movements and eventually independence wars on the continent. The war in Africa revolved mostly around the British and the French fighting the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East, as well as fighting going onRead MoreCauses of the Revolutionary War: A British Perspective1313 Words   |  6 Pagesinterprets the war and its causes from an ethnocentric view. Had the war been won by the British, the views would be quite different. Both countries often threaten the other; at other times they were conciliatory. The causes for the Revolutionary War are well documented from an American perspective. But what about the British perspective? This paper will assess and analyze the causes of the Revolutionary War from the British viewpoint. Encouraged by successful wars in the Americans, Africa, and IndiaRead MoreThe Middle East, And America s Imperial Ambitions1177 Words   |  5 Pageschallenge the construct of the Middle East, and America’s imperial ambitions? My argument is that neo-colonial relations - between the United States and the Arab world – is responsible for the radicalization of terrorist, particularly ISIS. Considering America’s involvement in the construction of the modern Middle East, and its continued involvement in the region. This research question is significant because it interlinks post-colonial studies with contemporary security studies. This link is importantRead MoreEffects Of The Collapse Of The British Empire : Decolonization1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Collapse of the British Empire: Decolonization During the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the British Empire was the leading power of the world. From the mountains of India, to the farmlands of Kenya, Imperial Britain ruled over a quarter of the world’s population. Britain, was the empire in which the ‘sun never set.’ However, by the end of World War II (1939-1945), the imperial sun had begun to wane. Fueled by nationalistic sentiment, British colonies, dominions, and protectoratesRead MoreNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdomination of industrialized countries over subject lands * Domination achieved through trade, investment, and business activities * Two types of modern colonialism * Colonies ruled and populated by migrants * Colonies controlled by imperial powers without significant settlement * Economic motives of imperialism * European merchants and entrepreneurs made personal fortunes * Overseas expansion for raw materials: rubber, tin, copper, petroleum * Colonies were potentialRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Revolution2391 Words   |  10 Pages When French and British both claimed expansion into the Ohio River Valley in 1756, the war broke out. This war was called the French Indian War, also known as the Seven Years’ War. Actually, it was the first worldwide war because it was a massive conflict between Spain, France, England, North America, Austria, Philippine, and Prussia. The Seven Years’ War lasted from 1756 to 1763. It ended with British’s victories at Louisburg, Fort Frontenac and Quebec. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 was an afterwardRead More Evolution of British Policy in the Colonies: 1750 to 1776 Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of British Policy in the Colonies: 1750 to 1776 The relations between England and the British North American colonies could always be considered precarious. Prior to 1750 British essentially followed a policy of benign neglect and political autonomy in the American colonies. (Davidson p.97) The colonies were for the most part content with benign neglect policy, relishing in a â€Å"greater equality and representative government†(Davidson p.95) within the colonies. Competition among EuropeanRead MoreThe abolition of slavery in Africa and the Middle East Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pagesand Middle East. The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, was one of the most active institutions in looking for suppression of slavery, in India, Africa and the Middle East.2 They pushed to British government to take direct actions in abolish Indian slavery, and indirect actions on non-European regions were slavery was common. In the Muslim world and in some extent to the East African Coast, the abolition was seen as a imposition from outside.3 Therefore, resistance to the imposition of

The Union Of The Great Britain - 1097 Words

Millions of Patriots had risked their lives for many decades to fight for their independence to get away from the tyrannical Great Britain who tended to abused their powers. Patriots were fed up with the British government who had overwhelmed colonist to pay for an absurd amount of taxes which was a reason why Americans gain their independence in the first place and created a new nation. However, what they did not expect from their new nation was that it resembled to the Great Britain. The new nation was now facing similar problems that the people experienced in Great Britain. One example was when state legislatures began increasing taxes in order, to pay off the large debts after the war. The confederation had many strength and weakness.†¦show more content†¦One time the confederation asked certain states to provide 8 million dollars for the national government and the states only sent them 420,000 dollars and since the Confederation government could not impose their laws t hey had to accept the little money that was offered. Most of the time states did not support the government and since there was no law to force them to help, the government budget had very little money. The states were too lethargic to create a strong national government. Therefore, Congress had to rely on printing paper money which would eventually lessen the dollar value. Seven years of combat had bankrupted the new nation. Many farmers found themselves in accumulating debts and taxes. â€Å"In fact, during the 1780s, most Americans paid three times as much in taxes as they had under the British tyranny† (Shi 206). The patriots who had fought for their independence to get away from the powerful British government were now facing the same problem in the new nation which is the increase in taxes. At first the people objected to â€Å"no taxation without representation† in the British government and now they are objecting â€Å"taxation with representation† in th eir own new nation (Shi 206). Many farmers had lost their lands since most of them could not afford it anymore and some farmers were imprisoned if they were not capable of paying off their debt. Those who served in the war were never paid for their services. ManyShow MoreRelatedGreat Britain And The European Union1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe recent decision of Great Britain to leave the European Union coincides with the recent election of Donald Trump to the presidency of the United States. Both events can be explained by using economic and cultural arguments. In order to fully understand these occurrences, one must understand the economic anxiety as well as the anti-globalisation sentiment that surrounded the Brexit movement. Trump’s candidacy involves some of the same aspects, yet Trump’s voter demographic, the white, working classRead MoreA Brief Note On The Union Of The United States And Great Britain1030 Words   |  5 Pagesworkers to dedicate a large portion of their time to their labor. The efficiency of mass production is certainly questionable, as economists like Keynes predicted that, given the massive technological leaps that nations such as the United States and Great Britain were already making, the average work week would be reduced to between fifteen and twenty hours a week by the twenty-first century (Graeber, â€Å"Bullshit Jobs†). While it appears that the technological advancements Keynes expected came to fruitionRead MoreThe Effect of the Battle at Antietam Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision to not recognize the Confederacy as a nation. During a low point for the Union, the birth of this pivotal piece of anti-slavery legislation from the Battle at Antietam helped deter Britain from intervening. The Battle at Antietam and the resulting Proclamation were colossal victories for the Union as they discouraged the intervention of the British, preventing potential war between the United States and Great Britain. In 1862, during the time of the Battle at Antietam, the British Cabinet wasRead MoreWas Churchill A Competent Speaker And Diplomat?1582 Words   |  7 Pagesinto the war, despite many obstacles. After the Soviet Union was attacked by Germany, Churchill stepped up to ally with the Russians to form the original Allies, even though he despised communism. He did this knowing that Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union all had different political and military views, which would create conflict and a need for leadership. He was later able to persuade both the United States and the Soviet Union against a cross-channel assault, saving the AlliesRead MoreThe Union Of The European Union Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesOn the morning of June 24, 2016, Britain announced that after a nationwide vote, it would be leaving the European Union. In what has since become known as Brexit, the United Kingdom held a referendum in which 52 percent of the voting-eligible population chose in favor of the country’s departure from the 28 country politico-economic union. When this political issue is analyzed, it is important to understand the reasoning behind Britain’s decision and the many factors that drove them to this resolutionRead MoreEuropean Unions And The European Union1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe European Union was developed in order to end the frequent and horrific wars between neighboring countries in Europe which peaked in the second World War. After long years of negotiations and meetings between member states of European countries, the European Union was formed because of common interests and goals on economic, social, and foreign policies. The European Union ensures to unite European countries economically and politically in order for them to have a secured lasting peace. The foundingRead MoreThe Breakup Of The Soviet Union925 Words   |  4 Pagesbreakup of the Soviet Union, nationalist struggles in the Balkans, the creation of a European community, the emergence of Japan as an economic giant from the 1970s into the 1990s, and the presence of American culture on a global scale all focused attention on the construction and continuity of national identities. Within Great Britain, the loss of empire and receding Protestantism precipitated the re-emergence of Englishness, Scottishness, and Welshness. Historians of Britain began to ask what itRead MoreThe Impact Of Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation1093 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln, sometimes called â€Å"The Great Emancipator†, is best remembered today for his Emancipation Proclamation. This proclamation, issued in September 1862 and enacted at the start of 1863, freed all slaves in rebelling states in the Confederacy and had a dramatic impact on the outcome of the Civil War. However, even though Lincoln was morally against the concept of slavery, he had previously stated that he had no intention of abolishing it. Why did he explicitly violate his ownRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1375 Words   |  6 PagesInstructor: Dan Anderson December 5, 2015 The American Civil War represents a significant period in United States history. In this essay we will explore foreign involvement in the Civil War. We will specifically look at the roles of France and Great Britain played and how they used military positioning in Canada and off the US coast to affect the war. Finally, we will look at which foreign entities backed both the North and South and to what extent their backing of each domestic side was in effectRead MoreBritain And France834 Words   |  4 PagesAlex Alfaro Professor Gottwailes History 20 Nov 2017 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and France In June 1940, The European Front of the Second World War seemed to be coming to a standstill with the battle for the control of France coming to an end with German victory in sight. As the Germans entered Paris, The French government had moved into a chà ¢teau in French countryside, possibly preparing for the worst. The French Prime Minister, Paul Reynaud, had wanted

The Birth of Swatch Case Analysis - 1595 Words

Today we will present you the analysis of the case  «The birth of swatch ». First we willl give you the information about the background of the problem, then we will define the problem of the case and finally we will present you our recommendations. So, let’s start with the background. In the 1940s the Swiss dominated the watch industry in large part because of their centuries-long history of jewelry-making expertise. Watchmaking was a source of national pride, and the â€Å"Made in Switzerland† label was a global seal of quality, status, and prestige. Around the world, the general public consensus was that the only â€Å"good† watches were Swiss watches. , the Swiss accounted for 80% of the world’s total watch production and 99% of all U.S.†¦show more content†¦From the start, it was clear that Swatches were unlike any other traditional timekeeping instrument on the market. Although they were made out of plastic, they featured witty, sometim es outlandish designs that used brash, intense colors; no watch brand had ever used such bold designs and colors to such effect before. There were dozens and dozens of models to choose from, models for every occasion, for every whim. Swatch customers were unlike the buyers of any other watch brand. Intensely loyal, they were always on the lookout for intriguing new designs. Of course, one of the elements that made the Swatch so popular among these consumers was its price, just $40 in the United States. This low price tag made it easy for consumers to purchase Swatches on impulse. SMH’s general approach to promotion was to spend roughly 30% of the Swatch’s retail price on advertising. In Europe, Swatch’s ad spend was roughly close to $28 million in 1992. This ranked Swatch among the top 100 advertisers on European television (it was ranked 56); no other watch brand ranked on this list. Swatch’s marketing plan was also unique in the watch industry in its emphasis on below-the-line activities. The company had become notorious for unorthodox promotional stunts—everything from break-dancing sponsorships to celebrity endorsements. The company also used special events and product placements to promote the Swatch brand. For example, - the giant Swatch built in Germany. ItShow MoreRelatedselling to india Essay2794 Words   |  12 Pagesare all working professionals who come to class for discussion and debate, not sermons. Case studies are the perfect teaching tool for this audience; there is plenty of room for debate and analysis. Layer in expansion into high-growth economies, and class attendance soars. The class favorite case study is  Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A),  available from Harvard Business Online  here. The gist of the case study centers on Silvio Napoli, an ambitious strategic planning manager at elevator/escalatorRead MoreClassification And Nature Of The Literature Review10297 Words   |  42 Pages. 2.1.1 Aim of this Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.1.2 Structure and Nature of the Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.2 EXPLORING Social media and branding †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2.3 Digital Divide ................................................. 2.3.1 Mckinsey’s Analysis and Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3.2 Brand Communication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.3.3 Impact of the Internet on Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.4 CHALLENGE TO THE HIEARCHY OF STRATEGIES 2.5 Branding Extension........................... 2.5.1 Brand Equity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.6 BrandRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Branding On Achieving Competitive Advantage10731 Words   |  43 Pagessomething for example safety, freedom, entertainment, and the company have to think beyond. The purpose dissertation to analyse and evaluate of the impact of digital branding in achieving competitive advantage. The author is going to have a critical analysis on Brands and Branding in the Digital era, how to build Brands via Social Media and also emphasize on impact of Online Brand Communities and how the Social Web will be able to restore trust in Brands. The digital era and online marketing help buildRead MoreEntrepreneurship and Innovation Management9362 Words   |  38 PagesReview ....................................................................... 17   3.   Research Methodology ..................................................................................................... 19   3.1.   Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Methods ...................... .................................. 19   3.2.   Questionnaire ............................................................................................................ 20   3.3.   Limitations .........................Read MoreMarket Analysis of Wrist Watches11235 Words   |  45 PagesAcknowledgement List of Tables Declaration Executive Summary 1. Introduction of the study 1.1 Industry Profile 1.2. Objectives 1.3. Scope of the study 1.4. Limitations 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 Research Methodology Review of Literature Company Profile Analysis and Interpretation Findings of the Study Suggestions Conclusion Bibliograpy Appendix 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 32 35 48 51 53 54 55 Title Page No. LIST OF TABLES Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Age of the respondents Education of the respondents MothlyRead MorePoems: City Planners15330 Words   |  62 Pages amnesia, hypnosis’, which suggests control, numbness. Like Atwood’s poem, the second half of Cheng’s poem shifts into violent imagery: ‘hurt’ ‘bleed’ and ‘stain’ - to show that this ‘gleaming’ vision, when imposed by force, hurts. STRUCTURAL Analysis THEME - IMAGERY - LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES Atwood uses an irregular structure, which gives the effect that ideas, and flow, are forcibly cut short, as where she breaks the sentence ‘what offends us is / the sanities’. Cleanliness here seems almost antisepticRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16651 Words   |  67 Pages37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt toRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16638 Words   |  67 PagesAppeal 37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt toRead MoreCompetitive Positioning and the Resource-Based View of the Firm10055 Words   |  41 Pagesinterests. McDonald s, for example, has now built a reputation for being very ready to go to court to protect its image and reputation. That reputation can, in itself, be an asset in deterring others om attacking McDonald s without a cast iron case! Finally, systems in place within the firm can be important assets. The management information systems themselves often constitute databases. The intangible aspect, of course, is translating the data into useful knowledge or information that willRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Learning objectives Introduction The clarification of cost categories Marketing cost analysis: aims and methods An illustration

Twitch Response And Recruitment - Summation And Tetanus

Questions: Twitch Response And Recruitment 1. Did you get a measurable twitch with a stimulus of 0 mA? What does this tell you about the number of muscle fibers contracting at this stimulus current?2. What was the smallest current required to produce a contraction (the threshold current)? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this small response? 3. What was the smallest current required to produce the maximum (largest) contraction? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response?4. What do you conclude happened to the number of fibers contracting as the current was raised from threshold to that required to produce a maximal contraction? 5. Why does varying the stimulus strength affect the twitch force? Summation And Tetanus 6. The stimulus interval has a profound effect on the contraction force of the muscle. In your own words explain what happened when the muscle was stimulated in rapid s uccession. What was the minimum time required for the subject's muscle twitches to add together (summation)?7. You use a short period electrical stimuli to observe muscle fibers contracting continuously (tetanus). Chemical agents can cause tetanus by interfering with the motor neurons. These agents include a toxin produced by the soil bacterium Clostridium tetani. One of the symptoms of these agents is called 'spastic paralysis'! Explain in your own words why these agents would be a bad thing for you and your muscles.Study Questions Fatigue is not well understood. Some factors that have been proposed to explain the fall in force during fatigue include: changes in the 'sense of effort', loss of 'central drive', failure of neuromuscular propagation, reduction in calcium release in excitation-contraction coupling, metabolic changes in the muscle, and reduction in muscle blood flow owing to compression of blood vessels. 8. Do your experiments help to decide which factors are important? 9. Almost all subjects will show a declining force (pseudo-fatigue), while their eyes are shut, that is very similar to fatigue. This is, however, not true fatigue, because the full 50% force can be exerted easily, as can be seen when the subject's eyes are opened again. What explanations can you think of for pseudo-fatigue? Answers: 1. No, there was no twitch response for 0mA. The force observed for the twitch response was at 3mA. Since, there was no force observed at 0mA stimulus, it shows that none of the muscle contracted. Thus it can be concluded that there is no response to Zero stimulus. 2. 3mA of stimulus current just produced a contraction i.e. 3mA is the threshold current. Though this is the threshold current but it doesn't produces the smallest contraction force. The smallest force is observed at 6mA. Very small proportion of fibers in the muscle participated in the contraction as very less force, of magnitude 0.004, was produced. 3. 16mA of stimulus current was seen to produce the largest contraction of magnitude 0.035. However, on increasing the current there was a downfall in the contraction force. Also, multiple values of contraction force was observed at same amount of stimulus current. A greater proportion of fibers in the muscles were contracting to produce this maximal response. 4. The fibers in the muscle didn't contract initially i.e. at 0mA. But as the current was raised and it reached up to the threshold current, small proportion of fibers contracted and a response was seen. Further when the current was increased a dip in force was observed till 6mA that shows lesser amount of fibers participated. Now on increase of current from this point a steady increase in the contraction force was observed and thus can be concluded that a greater number of fibers were contracting to produce a response (Hansson, 2012). Hence, we can conclude that on increasing the stimulus more number of fibers contracted. 5. Excitation of the fibers induces pain directly over the affected area and the pain spreads toward over a zone and local twitch response is seen. As the stimulus strength is increased the affected zone becomes larger and more number of fibers contract. This causes a variation in the twitch force and different forces are observed on different stimulus. 6. Table 1 shows the first and second response at different stimulus intervals. When the interval was 50ms, the response was undetectable. On increasing the interval to 100ms, the first response was difficult to trace but the second response was observed to be 0.012. First response was not observed until the interval was increased to 150ms. At this interval, first response was seen to be equal to 0.011. The second response was 0.017. On gradually increasing the intervals both first and second response were observed. When the muscles were stimulated in rapid succession, two points were noticed. First, on increasing the stimulus intervals the response force decreased i.e. for shorter intervals a larger force was observed and for larger intervals lesser value of force was observed. Second, for the same interval, value of second response was larger than the first. The minimum time required for the subject's muscle twitches to add together was 150ms. 7. Spastic paralysis is combination of paralysis, increasedtendon reflexactivity andhypertonia. It is commonly referred as tightness, stiffness or pull of muscles. Box-car shaped, bacterium Clostridium tetani is an anaerobicbacterium. It isGram-positive. A potent biological toxin is produced,tetanospasmin, which causestetanus. Some symptoms of this include painful muscular spasms that leads to respiratory failure and sometime causes death. Because of Clostridium tetani, unending spasms can start. Tetanospasmin discharged in the injury is consumed into the flow and achieves the finishes of engine neurons everywhere throughout the body. Focal sensory system is assaulted at a few locales, including nerve terminals, spinal string and the cerebrum and thoughtful sensory system (Connan, Denve, Mazuet Popoff, 2013). Fringe engine neuron terminals are reinforced and poison enters the nerve axons and it spreads crosswise over synaptic intersections to the nerve cell body in the mind stem and spinal string until it achieves the focal sensory system where it quickly ties to inhibitory engine nerve endings. With lessened restraint, the resting terminating rate of the alpha engine neuron increments and it accordingly delivers inflexibility, unopposed muscle withdrawal and fit. A few gimmicks are an unbending grin, lock-jaw and inflexible, curved back. Seizures may happen and the autonomic sensory system might likewise be influenced. Study Questions Fatigue is not well understood. Some factors that have been proposed to explain the fall in force during fatigue include: changes in the 'sense of effort', loss of 'central drive', failure of neuromuscular propagation, reduction in calcium release in excitation-contraction coupling, metabolic changes in the muscle, and reduction in muscle blood flow owing to compression of blood vessels. 8. Muscle fiber may go short of substrates causing fatigue. Release of calcium might get interfered or inability of calcium to stimulate muscle contraction arises because muscle fiber gets accumulated with metabolites. During exercise substrates depletes and results in lack of intracellular energy sources for contractions to take place. Deposition of Lactic acid causes acidity of muscles and thus it lowers the sensitivity of the muscles. 9. Prolongedexerciseleads to mental fatigue and it also impairs the function of central nervous system.Sleepinessandmentalfatigue are also seen due to build up of tryptophan. Individual muscle fibers respond to a stimulus with maximum force and sometime none at all (Marino, 2011). Muscle has to be relaxed once it gets contracted. Prolonged or repetitive contraction and relaxation of muscles causes fatigue and is familiar to anyone who is running and calf muscle feel cramps. With fatigue, there is a sense of weakness and even discomfort. The mechanism of fatigue is multifactorial and involves the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, muscle units and individual muscle fibers. References Connan, C., Denve, C., Mazuet, C., Popoff, M. (2013). Regulation of toxin synthesis in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani.Toxicon,75, 90-100. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.001 Hansson, S. (2012). Maximal and perimaximal contraction.Synthese,190(16), 3325-3348. doi:10.1007/s11229-012-0167-y Ivarsson, N., Rundqvist, H., Lanner, J. (2012). Endurance Exercise Increases Force Production in Mouse Fast-Twitch Muscles.Biophysical Journal,102(3), 364a. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1988 Marino, F. (2011).Regulation of fatigue in exercise. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers. Pearson, D. (2004). Muscle Fibers.Strength And Conditioning Journal,26(1), 45. doi:10.1519/00126548-200402000-00013